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X-ray spectroscopy is a technique that detects and measures photons, or particles of light, that have wavelengths in the   X- Spectroscopy? This X-ray photoelectron spectrometer uses the principles of X-ray spectroscopy to measure the elemental composition of materials. X-ray spectroscopy is a technique that detects and measures photons, or particles of light, that have wavelengths in the X-rayportion of the electromagnetic spectrum. It's used to help scientists understand the chemical and elemental properties of an object. There are several different X-ray spectroscopy methods that are used in many disciplines of science and technology, including archaeology, astronomy and engineering. These methods can be used independently or together to create a more complete picture of the material or object being analyzed. History Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, a German physicist, was awarded the first Nobel Prizein physics in 1901 for his ...

A I for E verybo d y!!! 26-12-2018           A rtificial intelligence has so far been mainly the plaything of big tech companies like Amazon, Baidu, Google, and Microsoft, as well as some startups. For many other companies and parts of the economy, AI systems are too expensive and too difficult to implement fully. hat’s the solution? Machine-learning tools based in the cloud are bringing AI to a far broader audience. So far, Amazon dominates cloud AI with its AWS subsidiary. Google is challenging that with TensorFlow, an open-source AI library that can be used to build other machine-learning software. Recently Google announced Cloud AutoML, a suite of pre-trained systems that could make AI simpler to use. Microsoft, which has its own AI-powered cloud platform, Azure, is teaming up with Amazon to offer Gluon, an open-source deep-learning library. Gluon is supposed to make building neural nets — a key technology in AI that crudely mimics ...

A NASA astronaut had to deal with problems with a frayed tether and a bad jetpack as he conducted a treacherous spacewalk. There was some high drama on the International Space Station on Friday, after a spacewalking astronaut had to deal with some major problems due to a bad jetpack and a frayed safety tether. Jetpacks and safety ties are critical for astronauts trying to maneuver during spacewalks and to avoid floating off into space, and astronaut Joe Acaba had to deal with problems with both. Acaba was attached to the orbiting outpost and wasn’t in any danger during the spacewalk, which lasted seven hours, but one of the tethers had to be replaced shortly after he floated outside as Mission Control noticed the lifeline was frayed. And then five hours later during the spacewalk, Mission Control noticed the right handle on the emergency jetpack had popped open, prompting station commander Randy Bresnick to help him out. However, back in Houston, flight controllers decid...

7 With Li-Fi around, Wi-Fi might be a thing of the past By  Christina Mpercer  Jul 20, 2017 | Light Fidelity or Li-Fi is a Visible Light Communications (VLC) system running wireless communications travelling at very high speeds. Li-Fi uses common household LED (light emitting diodes) light bulbs to enable data transfer, boasting speeds of up to 224 gigabits per second. The term Li-Fi was coined by University of Edinburgh Professor Harald Haas during a TED Talk in 2011. Haas envisioned light bulbs that could act as wireless routers. Subsequently, in 2012 after four years of research, Haas set up company pureLiFi with the aim 'to be the world leader in Visible Light Communications technology'. How it works Li-Fi and Wi-Fi are quite similar as both transmit data electromagnetically. However, Wi-Fi uses radio waves while Li-Fi runs on visible light. As we now know, Li-Fi is a Visible Light Communications (VLC) system. This means that ...

The Moon held an atmosphere around itself some 3.5 billion years ago, according to a report in Phys.org. A study published in Earth and Planetary Science Letters suggests the intense ancient volcanic eruptions flooding the surface of the Moon spewed hot gases to create a thin atmosphere over its surface – one that might have lasted for some 70 million years. The revelation comes after an analysis of lunar maria samples – large, dark, basaltic plains formed by ancient volcanic eruptions – brought back by astronauts on the Apollo missions of the 1960s and 1970s. Initial examination of the samples revealed that the hot magmatic plumes generated by the Moon had components of carbon monoxide and other gases, sulphur, as well as elements that form water. However, now, Debra Needham and David Kring at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, Texas, have found how much of these gases were expelled from the process. According to their findings, that emission was much mo...

Google is building a smart screen competitor to Amazon’s Echo Show!!! Multiple sources tell TechCrunch that Google is building a tabletop smart screen for video calling and more that will compete with Amazon’s Echo Show. The device could help Google keep up in the race for the smart home market after Amazon just revealed a slew of new Echos and as Facebook continues to work on its codename “Aloha” video calling screen. Two sources confirm to TechCrunch that the Google device has been internally codenamed “Manhattan” and will have a similar screen size to the 7-inch Echo Show. One source received info directly from a Google employee. Both sources say the device will offer YouTube, Google Assistant, Google Photos and video calling. It will also act as a smart hub that can control Nest and other smart home devices. Our sources say that Google previously was working on products with larger screens that would compete with full-sized televisions, but it’s now more focused on ...

Gravitational Wave From Black Hole Collision 1.8 Billion Light-Years Away Sensed In US And Italy!!!😲 When two black holes merged 1.8 billion light-years away, their violent union sent shock waves through space and time. On Aug. 14, three precisely tuned machines sensed the cosmic fallout, a ripple known as a gravitational wave. August's event marked the fourth time that astronomers have observed black hole collisions. An international team of scientists announced the discovery on Wednesday from Turin, Italy, at a meeting of the G7 science ministers. The science of hunting gravitational waves is old on paper and young in practice. Albert Einstein, through his General Theory of Relativity, predicted in 1916 that the waves should exist. It would remain a prediction for 98 years, until the LIGO Scientific Collaboration detected the first gravitational wave in September 2015. The two L-shaped detectors that make up LIGO, located in Washington state and Louisiana, recently...

Now the Greenhouse Gases can be used as Fuels, Big Acheivment👏👏!!! EFFECTIVELY CONVERTING CO2 Much of today’s efforts to cool the planet involves limiting human-made carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. But what if there’s another option that’s equally viable? This is what researchers from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) had in mind in a new study examining the mechanism that would allow for turning CO2 into a valuable source — either as a feedstock for creating other fuels or some other chemical that would be equally beneficial for the environment and the economy. In their study, published in the journal  Nature Communications , the PNNL researchers led by Janos Szanyi figured out a way to make sure that converting CO2 would only produce the desired chemical, which would either be methane or carbon monoxide. The key is an often overlooked ion called formate (HCOO-), which works as a critical intermediate in the CO2 conversion reaction. “This stu...

A Strange Creature Discovered by Darwin that puzzeled Researchers for Decades😰😰!!! REDISCOVERING THE  MACRAUCHENIA Charles Darwin discovered the bones of  Macrauchenia , which went extinct toward the end of the Ice Age, in 1838 while digging in Patagonia. To him they seemed to belong to a kind of prehistoric llama. The remains were analyzed later on by the top anatomist in the UK, Richard Owen, who named the mystery mammal  Macrauchenia patachonica . Although Darwin was right that there were some similarities with the llama,  Macrauchenia  didn’t appear to be a good fit with any existing group of mammals. Counter-intuitively, the discovery of more fossils clouded the picture instead of clearing it up. Finding a nasal opening that signaled a trunk on the animal’s face resembling a tapir’s caused paleontologists to categorize  Macrauchenia  as a litoptern. This group of South American mammals arrived on Earth soon after the non-av...